Just an update, I found that 2 php8.2 packages were still installed. I removed those and restarted apache2. Now I receive this message from my owncloud website:
Memcache \OC\Memcache\APCu not available for local cache Is the matching PHP module installed and enabled?
I have so far not been able to find the php module which is missing but will update if I find it.
Update: I tried to add this to my /etc/php/7.4/mods-available/apcu.ini but no luck after restarting the server:
apc.enable_cli=1
Additionally I found the apcu module missing from php, I have installed this module, and updated my modules list from the OP
After a restart of apache2 this seems to have resolved the problem.