From your description, I assume you don’t have shell access, no option to run the suggested occ app:disable.
This is what I would try in such situation. Without any warranty.
If you have a tool like phpMyAdmin to access the DB, you can use it, to disable all the apps in question.
Go to table oc_appconfig, configkey enabled, set configvalue to No. Repeat for each app in question. Then start over with the upgrade.
Finally you can enable the apps in the admin panel. One by one, to be sure!